Equipment out-of People Diet, Service of Dinner Science and you can Peoples Diet, Farming College off Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (An excellent.Z.)

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Conceptual

All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink

step 1. Introduction

Drinks from the kinds of tea, coffee, dairy, fruit juice, soft drinks, diet plan beverages, energy drinks and you may alcohol are available in a massive and broadening number of selection. Assortment satisfies preferences choice, nutritional conditions, and you can lives means, and when many products appear, it’s likely to reach euhydration .

Beverages contribute around 25%–50% out-of drinking habits [2,step 3,4], ergo he’s essential appointment day-after-day water demands and having euhydration. Hydration might have been of this fix from regular bodily and you will intellectual characteristics .

However, it’s been argued one to beverages lead somewhat into increasing being obese costs worldwide [six,7], mainly because of their energy blogs [8,9,10]. In some knowledge, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) application has been on the weight gain in kids and adults , if you find yourself evidence you to decreasing SSBs usually reduce steadily the chance of being obese and you will relevant sickness particularly type 2 diabetes has been viewed as the persuasive . Energy intake off beverages has grown significantly for the past 40 many years by the around 222 calories for every single person on a daily basis .

Still, beverages regarding some groups don’t contribute just as so you’re able to energy intake . The power blogs of drink and additionally consumption activities may suggest or even, we.e., specific caloric products is consumed hardly hence adding little so you’re able to every single day energy consumption. It has been contended you to replacing sweetened caloric products which have water will help reduce complete energy intake for the heavy users . However, usage of sweetened caloric drinks was a complex point that be viewed not in the caloric sum plus the newest framework from fat reduction habits .

Additionally, on the other hand in order to dinner application, certain have a glimpse at this link facts such seasonality, exercise accounts and you will sex make a difference the variety inside drink alternatives and sum to full times consumption. This type of products have not been completely investigated; subsequent education of this type tend to elucidate the modern matter-of energy consumption from fat reduction present and you will from beverages particularly.

For the a previous research used within the Greece, with the Liquid Equilibrium Survey (WBQ) equipment, i unearthed that into the 984 people, 24% regarding water intake comes from drinks . There was a keen unequivocal need subsequent tricky on these results, elucidating new sum away from beverages so you’re able to complete opportunity intake and you will equilibrium.